570 AD - Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca.

 Muhammad is considered as the final prophet and messenger of God in Islam, and is revered as the greatest figure in Islamic history. According to Islamic tradition, the birth of Muhammad was a miraculous and significant event. He was born in Mecca in the year 570 CE to Abdullah, a member of the Banu Hashim clan, and Aminah, a woman of noble birth. His birth was said to have been accompanied by supernatural signs. Many saw these signs as evidence of Muhammad's divinely appointed role as a prophet and messenger of God. His birth is celebrated by Muslims annually on the 12th day of the Islamic month of Rabi' al-awwal.

His Birth according to Quran:

The birth of Muhammad is not specifically mentioned in the Quran. However, verses in the Quran affirm the miraculous nature of his prophethood and the significance of his message for all of humanity. For example, in Surah Al-A'raf 7:157, it is stated: "Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered prophet, whom they find written in what they have of the Torah and the Gospel, who enjoins upon them what is right and forbids them what is wrong and makes lawful for them the good things and prohibits for them the evil and relieves them of their burden and the shackles which were upon them. So they who have believed in him, honored him, supported him and followed the light which was sent down with him - it is those who will be the successful."

His Birth according to Hadith:

According to hadith (traditions and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad), the birth of Muhammad was a significant event and was accompanied by several miracles and supernatural occurrences. Some of these traditions include:

A light emitting from his mother's womb: It is reported that a light shone from Aminah's womb, illuminating the surrounding area and dispelling any darkness. This is mentioned in Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 4, Book 56, Hadith 829 and Sahih Muslim, Book 26, Hadith 5434. 

The event of his birth was accompanied by other miraculous signs such as the flowering of previously barren date palms and the springing up of sweet water in the desert. This is mentioned in Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 4, Book 56, Hadith 833.

These hadith emphasize the miraculous nature of Muhammad's birth and his divinely appointed role as a prophet and messenger of God. They also serve as a source of inspiration for Muslims and provide a deeper understanding of his life and mission.

610 AD - The religion of Islam begins when Muhammad receives the first revelations of the Quran.

According to Islam, the religion of Islam began when the Prophet Muhammad received the first revelations of the Quran. This event took place in the year 610 CE, when Muhammad was 40 years old and was in a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca, where he would often retreat for spiritual reflection and contemplation. During one of his meditations, the Angel Gabriel appeared to him and revealed the first verses of the Quran. These revelations continued over a period of 23 years and were recorded in the holy book of Islam, the Quran.

These revelations marked the beginning of Muhammad's mission as a prophet and messenger of God, and he began preaching the message of Islam to the people of Mecca and surrounding areas. Through his teachings, many people in Arabia converted to Islam and the religion began to spread. Despite facing opposition and persecution from the Meccan establishment, Muhammad and his followers continued to spread the message of Islam, and eventually, the religion became established and accepted throughout the Arabian Peninsula.

This event is considered a pivotal moment in Islamic history and the beginning of the religion of Islam, which is based on the teachings of the Quran and the life and example of the Prophet Muhammad. For Muslims, the Quran is considered to be the word of God and the final revelation to humanity, and the life of Muhammad serves as a model for how to live a pious and righteous life.

According to Quran:

According to the Quran, the Prophet Muhammad received the first revelations of the holy book while he was in a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca. The exact verses that marked the beginning of his prophetic mission are mentioned in the Quran in Surah Al-Alaq (Chapter 96), which says:

"Read in the name of your Lord who created. He created man from a clinging substance. Read, and your Lord is the most Generous, who taught by the pen. Taught man what he knew not." (Quran 96:1-5)

These verses marked the beginning of Muhammad's mission as a prophet and messenger of God and set the foundation for the religion of Islam. The Quran is considered by Muslims to be the final revelation from God and the ultimate source of guidance for their lives.

It is important to note that the Quran is considered to be the direct word of God as revealed to Muhammad and was not written by him. The verses were memorized and recorded by his companions and compiled into a single book shortly after his death.

According to Hadith:

According to the hadith, the first revelations of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad were accompanied by a series of intense physical and psychological experiences. The following is a commonly cited hadith that describes these events:

"I (the Prophet Muhammad) was in the cave of Hira when I heard a voice calling me. I raised my head and saw the Angel Gabriel who said to me, 'Read!' I said, 'I cannot read.' He took hold of me and squeezed me until I could not bear it any longer, then released me and said, 'Read!' Again I said, 'I cannot read.' He squeezed me a second time until I could not bear it any longer, then released me and said, 'Read!' For the third time, I said, 'I cannot read.' He squeezed me a third time and then said, 'Read in the name of your Lord who created. He created man from a clinging substance. Read, and your Lord is the most Generous, who taught by the pen. Taught man what he knew not.'" (Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 3)

This hadith provides insight into the intense spiritual experience that marked the beginning of Muhammad's mission as a prophet and messenger of God. The hadith highlights the significance of the first revelations and the important role they played in establishing the religion of Islam.

It is important to note that hadiths are collections of the sayings, actions, and practices of the Prophet Muhammad, which were passed down orally and eventually recorded in writing. They provide additional guidance and understanding of the teachings of the Quran and the life of the Prophet Muhammad.

622 AD - Muhammad and his followers move to Medina to escape persecution in Mecca. This migration becomes known as the Hijrah and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

 According to Islam, in the year 622 CE, the Prophet Muhammad and his followers had to flee from Mecca to Medina due to growing persecution from the Meccan establishment. This event is known as the Hijra and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

In Mecca, the Prophet and his followers faced increasing opposition and violence from the Meccan leaders who were opposed to the message of Islam. Despite this opposition, the community of Muslims continued to grow, and their situation became increasingly dangerous. To escape the persecution, the Prophet and his followers made the difficult decision to leave Mecca and seek refuge in Medina.

Upon their arrival in Medina, the Prophet and the Muslims were welcomed by the local community and were soon able to establish a new Muslim community. The Hijra served as a turning point in the early history of Islam, allowing the Prophet and his followers to build a strong and stable community that was free from persecution.

The Hijra is considered a significant event in Islamic history and is celebrated by Muslims as a reminder of the Prophet's bravery and perseverance in the face of adversity. The event also highlights the importance of migration in the history of Islam and serves as a symbol of the struggle of the early Muslim community to establish and preserve the religion of Islam.

According to Quran:

The Hijra, or migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina, is not explicitly mentioned in the Quran, however, the event is referred to in several verses that highlight the importance of migration for the cause of Allah. For example, the following verse from Surah Al-Baqarah (Chapter 2) speaks to the importance of migration for the sake of one's faith:

"And whoever migrates for the cause of Allah will find on the earth many locations and abundance. And whoever leaves his home as a migrant to Allah and His Messenger and then death overtakes him - his reward has already become incumbent upon Allah. And Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful." (Quran 2:217)

This verse speaks to the reward that awaits those who make sacrifices for the sake of their faith and the importance of migration in preserving and spreading the religion of Islam.

Additionally, the Quran also mentions the events leading up to the Hijra, including the growing persecution of the Muslims in Mecca and their eventual migration to Medina. These events are highlighted in verses such as Surah Al-Ankabut (Chapter 29), which says:

"And those who migrated for the cause of Allah and then were killed or died - Allah will provide for them a good provision. And indeed, it is Allah who is the best of providers." (Quran 29:58)

These verses emphasize the importance of migration for the cause of Allah and the reward that awaits those who make sacrifices for their faith. The Hijra serves as a powerful reminder of the struggles of the early Muslim community and the importance of perseverance in the face of adversity.

According to Hadith:

The Hijra is an important event in Islamic history, and it is widely narrated in the Hadith, the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. Sahih Bukhari, one of the most authentic collections of Hadith, mentions the events leading up to the Hijra and the Prophet's journey from Mecca to Medina.

For example, in Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 4, Book 52, Hadith 193, it is narrated that the Prophet Muhammad received a divine command to emigrate from Mecca to Medina, and that he gathered his followers and made the journey, accompanied by Abu Bakr, one of his closest companions.

In Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 5, Book 59, Hadith 724, it is narrated that the Prophet Muhammad arrived in Medina and was greeted by the local people with open arms. The Hadith also mentions that the Prophet worked to establish the new Muslim community and to build strong relationships with the local tribes and leaders.

Similarly, Sahih Muslim, another widely recognized collection of Hadith, also narrates the events of the Hijra, including the Prophet's journey from Mecca to Medina, his reception by the local people, and the establishment of the new Muslim community.

In Sahih Muslim, Book 20, Hadith 4689, it is narrated that the Prophet Muhammad told his followers that migration is a form of worship, and that those who migrate for the sake of Allah will be rewarded for their sacrifice.

These Hadiths serve as a historical record of the Hijra and the importance of migration for the cause of Islam, and they are widely studied and taught by scholars and believers to this day.

630 AD - Muhammad returns to Mecca and gains control of the city. Mecca becomes the center of the Islamic world.

 The Conquest of Mecca, also known as the Conquest of Makkah, was a significant event in the history of Islam and marks the moment when the Prophet Muhammad and his followers gained control of the city of Mecca in 630.

According to Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad had returned to Mecca with a large army of Muslims, determined to peacefully reclaim the city from the ruling Quraysh tribe. The Quraysh, who had long persecuted the Muslims and attempted to prevent the spread of Islam, realized that they could no longer resist the growing power of the Muslims, and they agreed to surrender the city without resistance.

With the Conquest of Mecca, the Prophet Muhammad established Islam as the dominant religion in the region, and Mecca became the center of the Islamic world, a place of pilgrimage and devotion for Muslims around the world. The Prophet Muhammad also forgave his enemies, granting amnesty to the people of Mecca, and he declared that the city was a sanctuary, where no one would be allowed to engage in violence or bloodshed.

This event is seen as a turning point in the history of Islam, marking the end of the period of persecution for the Muslims and the establishment of Islam as a powerful and influential force in the Arabian Peninsula. The Conquest of Mecca is also seen as a testament to the Prophet Muhammad's leadership and his ability to reconcile with his enemies and bring peace and stability to the region.

The Conquest of Mecca is celebrated every year by Muslims during the Islamic holiday of Eid al-Adha, and it serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by the early Muslims and the importance of perseverance in the face of adversity.

According to Quran:

The Conquest of Mecca is not directly mentioned in the Quran, but it is referenced in several verses that describe the Prophet Muhammad's victory and the submission of the people of Mecca to Islam.

For example, in Surah Al-Fath (The Victory), Chapter 48, Verse 1, it says: "Indeed, We have given you, [O Muhammad], a clear conquest." This verse is understood to refer to the Prophet's victory over the people of Mecca and the establishment of Islam in the city.

Similarly, in Surah Al-Tawbah (The Repentance), Chapter 9, Verse 33, it says: "He is the one who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to make it victorious over all other religions, even though the disbelievers dislike it." This verse is seen as a reference to the Prophet Muhammad's victory in Mecca and the establishment of Islam as the dominant religion in the region.

While the Quran does not provide a detailed narrative of the Conquest of Mecca, these verses emphasize the significance of this event for the spread of Islam and the establishment of the Islamic community.

According to Hadith:

The Conquest of Mecca is mentioned in several Hadiths, or sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, which provide additional detail and context to the event.

For example, in Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 5, Book 59, Hadith 716, it is recorded that the Prophet Muhammad, upon entering Mecca with his army, went directly to the Kaaba and circumambulated it seven times. He then approached the idol-worshipping Meccans and declared that there would be no retribution for their past actions against the Muslims. Instead, he offered amnesty and forgave them all.

In another Hadith, Sahih Muslim, Book 20, Hadith 4678, it is reported that the Prophet Muhammad told the people of Mecca that they could return to their homes, and that their lives, property, and honor would be protected. He also forbade the Muslims from harming or avenging themselves against the Meccans.

These Hadiths provide a more personal and intimate account of the Conquest of Mecca, highlighting the compassion and mercy of the Prophet Muhammad towards the people of Mecca, and the establishment of a just and equitable society based on the principles of Islam. The Hadiths serve as an inspiration for Muslims and are an important part of the Islamic tradition and history.

632 AD - Muhammad dies and Abu Bakr succeeds Muhammad as leader of the Islam faith. He is the first of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs. This also marks the beginning of the Rashidun Caliphate.

 The death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 marked a turning point in the history of Islam. According to Islamic tradition, he had received a divine message that he would die and there was nothing that could be done to prevent it.

After his death, there was a debate among the Muslim community over who should succeed him as the leader of the community. Some argued that the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, should succeed him, while others believed that the leadership should pass to Abu Bakr, one of the Prophet's closest companions.

In the end, Abu Bakr was chosen as the first Caliph, or leader, of the Muslim community, and was given the title of Caliph Al-Siddiq (the truthful). As the first of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs, Abu Bakr is considered to be one of the closest companions of the Prophet Muhammad and is revered by Muslims for his strong leadership and devotion to the faith.

The beginning of the Rashidun Caliphate, with Abu Bakr as its first Caliph, marked the start of a new era in the history of Islam. Under the leadership of the Rashidun Caliphs, Islam spread rapidly throughout Arabia and beyond, and the foundations of the Islamic empire were laid.

The Rashidun Caliphate is considered by many Muslims to be a period of great achievement and progress for the Islamic community, and the Rightly Guided Caliphs are held in high esteem for their piety, wisdom, and leadership. The period of the Rashidun Caliphate remains an important part of the Islamic historical and cultural heritage.

According to Quran:

The death of the Prophet Muhammad and the selection of his successor is not directly discussed in the Quran. However, the Quran does emphasize the importance of obedience to the Prophet and the need for Muslims to follow his guidance in all matters.

In verses 4:59 and 4:69, for example, the Quran states: "O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you."

In this sense, the Quran recognizes the importance of having a leader to guide the Muslim community, and encourages Muslims to follow and obey those in positions of authority, who are responsible for maintaining order and promoting the well-being of the community.

However, the specific details of the succession of the Prophet Muhammad and the establishment of the Rashidun Caliphate are not explicitly mentioned in the Quran. These events are primarily recorded in the Hadiths, or sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, and the historical accounts of the early Islamic period.

According to Hadiths:

The death of the Prophet Muhammad and the selection of his successor are described in various Hadiths, or sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad recorded in collections such as Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Here are references to the Hadiths about the death of the Prophet Muhammad and the selection of Abu Bakr as the first Caliph:

Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 5, Book 57, Hadith 47: This Hadith reports the Prophet Muhammad saying, "I am leaving among you two things: the Quran and my Sunnah, and if you follow them you will never go astray."

Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 9, Book 89, Hadith 251: This Hadith reports a conversation between the Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr in which the Prophet says, "Allah and the believers will never abandon Abu Bakr."

Sahih Muslim, Book 31, Hadith 5917: This Hadith reports the Prophet Muhammad saying, "Abu Bakr is your leader after me."

Sahih Muslim, Book 20, Hadith 4596: This Hadith reports the Prophet Muhammad saying, "I am leaving behind two precious things among you: the Quran and my family. If you follow them, you will never go astray."

These Hadiths can be found in widely used collections of Hadiths, such as Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, and are considered authentic and reliable sources of information about the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and the early history of Islam.