632 AD - Muhammad dies and Abu Bakr succeeds Muhammad as leader of the Islam faith. He is the first of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs. This also marks the beginning of the Rashidun Caliphate.

 The death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 marked a turning point in the history of Islam. According to Islamic tradition, he had received a divine message that he would die and there was nothing that could be done to prevent it.

After his death, there was a debate among the Muslim community over who should succeed him as the leader of the community. Some argued that the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, should succeed him, while others believed that the leadership should pass to Abu Bakr, one of the Prophet's closest companions.

In the end, Abu Bakr was chosen as the first Caliph, or leader, of the Muslim community, and was given the title of Caliph Al-Siddiq (the truthful). As the first of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs, Abu Bakr is considered to be one of the closest companions of the Prophet Muhammad and is revered by Muslims for his strong leadership and devotion to the faith.

The beginning of the Rashidun Caliphate, with Abu Bakr as its first Caliph, marked the start of a new era in the history of Islam. Under the leadership of the Rashidun Caliphs, Islam spread rapidly throughout Arabia and beyond, and the foundations of the Islamic empire were laid.

The Rashidun Caliphate is considered by many Muslims to be a period of great achievement and progress for the Islamic community, and the Rightly Guided Caliphs are held in high esteem for their piety, wisdom, and leadership. The period of the Rashidun Caliphate remains an important part of the Islamic historical and cultural heritage.

According to Quran:

The death of the Prophet Muhammad and the selection of his successor is not directly discussed in the Quran. However, the Quran does emphasize the importance of obedience to the Prophet and the need for Muslims to follow his guidance in all matters.

In verses 4:59 and 4:69, for example, the Quran states: "O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you."

In this sense, the Quran recognizes the importance of having a leader to guide the Muslim community, and encourages Muslims to follow and obey those in positions of authority, who are responsible for maintaining order and promoting the well-being of the community.

However, the specific details of the succession of the Prophet Muhammad and the establishment of the Rashidun Caliphate are not explicitly mentioned in the Quran. These events are primarily recorded in the Hadiths, or sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, and the historical accounts of the early Islamic period.

According to Hadiths:

The death of the Prophet Muhammad and the selection of his successor are described in various Hadiths, or sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad recorded in collections such as Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Here are references to the Hadiths about the death of the Prophet Muhammad and the selection of Abu Bakr as the first Caliph:

Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 5, Book 57, Hadith 47: This Hadith reports the Prophet Muhammad saying, "I am leaving among you two things: the Quran and my Sunnah, and if you follow them you will never go astray."

Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 9, Book 89, Hadith 251: This Hadith reports a conversation between the Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr in which the Prophet says, "Allah and the believers will never abandon Abu Bakr."

Sahih Muslim, Book 31, Hadith 5917: This Hadith reports the Prophet Muhammad saying, "Abu Bakr is your leader after me."

Sahih Muslim, Book 20, Hadith 4596: This Hadith reports the Prophet Muhammad saying, "I am leaving behind two precious things among you: the Quran and my family. If you follow them, you will never go astray."

These Hadiths can be found in widely used collections of Hadiths, such as Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, and are considered authentic and reliable sources of information about the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and the early history of Islam.