Fasting (Sawm)

Fasting (Sawm) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is observed during the month of Ramadan, which is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It involves abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset.

The purpose of fasting is to increase one's spirituality and connection with Allah, develop self-control and discipline, and empathize with those who are less fortunate. Fasting also serves as a means of purifying oneself from sins and seeking forgiveness from Allah.

Fasting is mandatory for all able-bodied adult Muslims, with exceptions for those who are ill, pregnant, breastfeeding, or traveling. The end of the month of Ramadan is celebrated with the festival of Eid al-Fitr.

The importance of fasting is emphasized in both the Quran and Hadith, with numerous references encouraging Muslims to fast and highlighting the benefits and rewards of doing so.

Importance of fasting

Fasting is an important practice in Islam that has numerous spiritual, social, and physical benefits. It is considered one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is mandatory for all adult Muslims who are physically able to fast.

From a spiritual perspective, fasting helps Muslims to develop self-discipline, self-control, and self-restraint. It is a time for reflection and contemplation, as well as an opportunity to strengthen one's relationship with Allah through increased acts of worship and prayer.

Fasting also has social benefits, as it promotes empathy and compassion for those who are less fortunate and cannot afford to eat regularly. It encourages Muslims to be charitable and to give generously to those in need, particularly during the holy month of Ramadan.

From a physical perspective, fasting can have health benefits such as improving insulin sensitivity, promoting weight loss, and reducing inflammation.

Overall, fasting is a central aspect of Islamic practice that helps Muslims to deepen their faith, build community, and cultivate physical and spiritual well-being.

Penalties while not fasting

In Islam, fasting is one of the Five Pillars and is mandatory for all adult Muslims who are physically and mentally capable of doing so. The penalties for not fasting during the month of Ramadan without a valid excuse include:

1. Making up the missed days: If someone intentionally breaks their fast without a valid reason, they must make up the missed days by fasting an equal number of days at a later time.

2. Feeding the poor: If someone is unable to fast due to illness or another valid reason, they must feed one poor person for each day missed.

3. Making a sincere repentance: If someone breaks their fast intentionally, they should make a sincere repentance to Allah for their actions.

It is important to note that these penalties are not meant to be punitive, but rather to encourage Muslims to fulfill their religious obligation to fast during the month of Ramadan.

According to Quran

Fasting, also known as "Sawm" in Arabic, is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is mandatory for all able-bodied adult Muslims during the month of Ramadan. Fasting is mentioned several times in the Quran and is considered a form of worship and a means of obtaining spiritual purification and closeness to Allah (God).

The Quran prescribes fasting as follows:

"O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may attain piety." [Quran 2:183]

Fasting during Ramadan is obligatory for all adult Muslims who are physically and mentally capable of doing so. The fast begins at dawn and ends at sunset, during which time Muslims abstain from food, drink, and sexual activity. Fasting is also a time for increased worship, charity, and reflection on one's faith.

In addition to fasting during Ramadan, there are also voluntary fasts that Muslims may observe throughout the year, such as the fast of Ashura, the fast of the Prophet David, and the fast of Mondays and Thursdays. These fasts are not obligatory, but are encouraged as a means of gaining spiritual reward and increasing one's devotion to Allah.

According to Hadith

The practice of fasting during the month of Ramadan is not only based on the Quran, but also on the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which are recorded in the Hadith literature. Here are a few Hadith references related to fasting:

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "When Ramadan begins, the gates of Paradise are opened, and the gates of Hellfire are closed, and the devils are chained up." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 123]

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever observes fasts during the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping to attain Allah's rewards, then all his past sins will be forgiven." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 1]

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Fasting is a shield (or a screen or a protection) from Hellfire, just like the shield of one of you against fighting." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 127]

Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Anyone who fasts for one day for Allah's pleasure, Allah will keep his face away from the (Hell) fire for (a distance covered by a journey of) seventy years." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 125]

These are just a few examples of Hadith references related to fasting. There are many more Hadith narrations that discuss the virtues and benefits of fasting in Islam.

Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "The fast and the Qur'an are two intercessors for the servant of Allah on the Day of Resurrection. The fast will say, 'O Lord, I prevented him from his food and desires during the day. Let me intercede for him.' The Qur'an will say, 'I prevented him from sleeping at night. Let me intercede for him.' They will both intercede." [Musnad Ahmad, Hadith 6337]

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Allah said, 'Every deed of the son of Adam is for him, except fasting. It is for me and I shall reward for it.' Fasting is a shield from hellfire, like the shield of one of you in battle." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 119]

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "There are two joys for the fasting person: the joy of breaking his fast and the joy of meeting his Lord. Surely the breath of the fasting person is more pleasing to Allah than the fragrance of musk." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 126]

These Hadith narrations highlight the rewards and benefits of fasting in Islam, as well as the importance of upholding good conduct and avoiding sinful behavior during the month of Ramadan.

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "No servant fasts on a day in the path of Allah except that Allah removes the hellfire seventy years further away from his face." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 119]

Aisha reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to observe voluntary fastsuntil people would say he would never break his fast, and he would go so long without fasting that people would say he would never fast again. [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 196]

Ibn Abbas reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "There are three people whose supplication is not rejected: the fasting person until he breaks his fast, the just ruler, and the supplication of the oppressed person; Allah raises it up above the clouds and opens the gates of heaven to it. And the Lord says: 'By My might, I will surely aid you, even if it should be after a while.'" [Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 34, Hadith 3823]

These Hadith narrations emphasize the virtues and benefits of fasting in Islam, including the forgiveness of sins, the increased reward for voluntary fasting, and the acceptance of supplication while fasting.

Uthman ibn Abi Al-Aas reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever gives food to a fasting person to break his fast, he will have his reward without decreasing anything from the reward of the fasting person." [Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 13, Hadith 1746]

Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "The fast is not only from food and drink, but also from idle and obscene talk. If someone insults you or treats you in an ignorant manner, then say: 'I am fasting, I am fasting.'" [Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 13, Hadith 1718]

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever fasts one day seeking the pleasure of Allah, if that is the last day of his life, he will enter Paradise." [Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 13, Hadith 1715]

These Hadith narrations further emphasize the importance of good conduct and ethical behavior while fasting, and also the significance of providing food to others during Ramadan. Additionally, the reward of entering Paradise for a single day's fast underscores the immense value and benefits of fasting in Islam.

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever fasts the month of Ramadan out of faith and seeking reward, all his previous sins will be forgiven, and whoever stands for prayers in the night of Qadr out of faith and seeking reward, all his previous sins will be forgiven." [Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 13, Hadith 1757]

Anas ibn Malik reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was asked, "Which deed is the best?" He replied, "Belief in Allah and His Messenger." He was then asked, "What comes next?" He replied, "Jihad in the way of Allah." He was then asked, "What comes next?" He replied, "A Hajj Mabrur (accepted pilgrimage)." He was then asked, "What comes next?" He replied, "A righteous and sincere fast." [Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 13, Hadith 1676]

Ibn Abbas reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "The believer's shade on the Day of Resurrection will be his charity." [Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 13, Hadith 1742]

These Hadith narrations provide additional insights into the significance and rewards of fasting in Islam, including the opening of the gates of Paradise, the forgiveness of sins, and the importance of charity and good deeds.

Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Fasting and the Quran will intercede for the servant on the Day of Resurrection. Fasting will say, 'O Lord, I prevented him from food and drink during the day, so accept my intercession for him.' And the Quran will say, 'O Lord, I prevented him from sleep at night, so accept my intercession for him.' And their intercession will be accepted." [Musnad Ahmad, Hadith 6646]

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "The best month for observing voluntary fast after Ramadan is the month of Allah, which you call Muharram. And the best prayer after the obligatory prayer is the night prayer." [Sahih Muslim, Book 13, Hadith 1163]

Uthman ibn Affan reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever fasts a day seeking the pleasure of Allah, Allah will create a distance between him and the hellfire that is as great as the distance between the east and the west." [Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 13, Hadith 1716]

Aisha reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to fast until we thought he would never break his fast, and then he would refrain from fasting until we thought he would never fast again. [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 195]

These Hadith narrations highlight the importance of fasting and the Quran in Islam, the benefits of voluntary fasting, the significance of the month of Muharram, and the moderation that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) demonstrated in his fasting practices.

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Allah said, 'Every deed of the son of Adam is for him except fasting, for it is for Me and I shall reward it. Fasting is a shield (against sins). When any one of you is fasting, let him neither indulge in obscene language nor raise his voice in anger. If someone reviles him or fights with him, let him say, 'I am fasting,' twice. By the One in Whose Hand the soul of Muhammad is, the smell that emanates from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the fragrance of musk." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 118]

Anas ibn Malik reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever observes the fasts of Ramadan with faith and seeking reward, he will have his previous sins forgiven." [Sahih Bukhari, Book 31, Hadith 121]

Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Fasting three days of every month is like fasting for the entire year." [Sahih Muslim, Book 13, Hadith 1264]

These Hadith narrations further highlight the virtues and benefits of fasting in Islam, including the forgiveness of sins, the importance of controlling one's behavior and speech while fasting, and the rewards of fasting beyond the month of Ramadan.

Prayer (Salah)

Prayer (Salah) is one of the five pillars of Islam and is an essential part of the Muslim faith. It is a physical and spiritual act of worship, performed five times a day at specific times, and is an opportunity for Muslims to connect with Allah and seek His guidance and blessings.

The five daily prayers are obligatory for every adult Muslim who is physically and mentally capable of performing them. The timings of the prayers are based on the position of the sun and are as follows:

1. Fajr - pre-dawn prayer

2. Dhuhr - midday prayer

3. Asr - afternoon prayer

4. Maghrib - evening prayer

5. Isha - night prayer

During the prayer, Muslims stand facing the Kaaba in Mecca, reciting verses from the Quran and performing various physical movements, such as bowing and prostrating. The prayer is performed in a clean and pure state, with the worshipper facing towards the qiblah (direction of the Kaaba).

Prayer is seen as a means of purifying oneself and seeking Allah's forgiveness and blessings. It is also an opportunity for Muslims to express gratitude to Allah for His blessings and seek guidance and assistance in their daily lives.

In addition to the five daily prayers, Muslims are also encouraged to perform optional prayers, such as the Sunnah prayers before and after the obligatory prayers, as well as the Taraweeh prayers during the month of Ramadan.

Prayer (Salah) is an important pillar of Islam and is mandatory for all Muslims. It involves the physical act of performing prescribed ritual prayers five times a day, as well as recitation of specific verses from the Quran and supplications.

Salah serves several purposes, including strengthening the relationship between a Muslim and Allah, reminding one of their obligations and duties as a Muslim, seeking forgiveness, and seeking guidance and blessings from Allah.

Overall, prayer is an important aspect of the Muslim faith and serves as a means of connecting with Allah, seeking His guidance and blessings, and promoting inner peace and spiritual fulfillment.

According to Quran

The Quran emphasizes the importance of prayer and its obligation on Muslims. Muslims are required to pray five times a day as a way to remember and worship Allah. Some relevant verses from the Quran about prayer include:

"And establish prayer and give zakah and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience]." (Quran 2:43)

"O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allah is with the patient." (Quran 2:153)

"Guard strictly your (habit of) prayers, especially the Middle Prayer; and stand before Allah in a devout (frame of mind)." (Quran 2:238)

"So woe to those who pray, [But] who are heedless of their prayer" (Quran 107:4-5)

The Quran also provides instructions on how to perform the prayer and the different postures involved, such as standing, bowing, and prostrating.

According to Hadith

The hadith literature is also rich in references to the importance and obligation of prayer in Islam. Here are some examples:

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "The five daily prayers, and from one Friday prayer to the next, are expiation for what is between them, as long as one avoids the major sins." (Sahih Muslim 233)

The Prophet also said: "Prayer is the pillar of the religion (Islam). Whoever establishes it, establishes religion; and whoever destroys it (neglects it), destroys religion." (Sunan Ibn Majah 1079)

The Prophet taught his companions the proper way to perform prayer and emphasized the importance of following his example. He said: "Pray as you have seen me praying." (Sahih Bukhari 631)

The Prophet also instructed his companions to make sure to pray in congregation, saying: "The prayer in congregation is twenty-seven times superior to the prayer offered by person alone." (Sahih Bukhari 618)

It is narrated that the Prophet would say to Bilal, his companion and first mu'adhdhin (caller to prayer): "O Bilal, comfort us with the call to prayer." (Sunan Abi Dawud 498)

Overall, the hadith literature provides detailed guidance on the proper way to perform prayer and emphasizes the importance of fulfilling this obligation as a cornerstone of the Islamic faith.

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'The first thing that a person will be asked about on the Day of Judgment is prayer. If it is accepted, then the rest of his deeds will be accepted, and if it is rejected, then the rest of his deeds will be rejected.'" (Tirmidhi, Book 1, Hadith 261)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'Prayer is the ascension (Mi'raj) of the believer.'" (Ahmad, Musnad, Hadith 16439)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'The prayer of a person in congregation is twenty-seven times more virtuous than his prayer alone.'" (Bukhari, Book 10, Hadith 53)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'When any one of you stands for prayer, he is conversing with his Lord, so let him pay attention to how he speaks to Him.'" (Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 1256)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'The key to Paradise is prayer (Salah), and the key to prayer is ablution (Wudu).' " (Musnad Ahmad, Hadith 6645)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'A prayer in congregation is more valuable than a prayer offered individually twenty-seven times.'" (Bukhari, Book 10, Hadith 51)

"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 'The first act of worship for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Resurrection will be his Salah. If it is found to be complete then it will be recorded as complete, and if any deficiency is found in it then Allah will say: 'Look and see if My slave did any voluntary prayers so that what was lacking in his obligatory prayers may be made up by them.''" (Sunan Ibn Majah 1079)

"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 'The one who performs Wudu' (ablution) perfectly, his sins will depart from his body, even from under his nails.'" (Sunan Ibn Majah 425)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'When one of you stands to pray, he is communicating with his Lord, so let him pay attention to how he speaks to Him.'" (Sunan Ibn Majah 1075)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'Prayer is the pillar of the religion. Whoever establishes it, establishes the religion, and whoever destroys it, destroys the religion.'" (Sunan Ibn Majah 1074)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'The reward of prayer offered by a person in congregation is twenty-five times greater than that of the prayer offered in one's house or shop, because if one performs ablution and does it perfectly, and then proceeds to the mosque with the sole intention of praying, then for every step he takes towards the mosque, he is upgraded one degree in reward and his one sin is removed until he enters the mosque. When he enters the mosque he is considered as performing Salah as long as he is waiting for the prayer and the angels keep on asking Allah for his forgiveness and blessings upon him. They keep on saying, 'O Allah! Bestow your blessings upon him, be merciful and kind to him.' And one is regarded in prayer as long as one is waiting for the prayer." (Sahih al-Bukhari 649)

"The first of one's actions for which a servant of Allah will be held accountable on the Day of Resurrection will be his prayers. If they are in order, then he will have prospered and succeeded; and if they are lacking, then he will have failed and lost." (Tirmidhi 413)

"When any one of you stands for prayer, he is communicating with his Lord; so let him pay attention to how he speaks to Him." (Muslim 397)

"The most burdensome prayers for the hypocrites are the 'Isha' prayer and the Fajr prayer. If only they knew what they contain [i.e., the great reward and benefit], they would come to them even if they had to crawl." (Bukhari 656)

"The closest that a servant can be to his Lord is when he is prostrating, so supplicate [in this state]." (Muslim 482)

"Prayer is a pillar of the religion. Whoever establishes it, establishes religion; and whoever destroys it, destroys religion." (Tirmidhi 261)

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, 'When the time for a prescribed prayer comes, if any Muslim performs ablution well and offers his prayer with humility and bowing, it will be an expiation for his past sins, so long as he has not committed a major sin; and this applies to for all times.'" (Muslim 223)

"Whoever prays Fajr is under the protection of Allah. Do not put yourselves in a situation where Allah has to call you to account for neglecting His rights." (Muslim 657)

Overall, the importance of Salah is emphasized in both the Quran and Hadith, and Muslims are encouraged to perform their prayers with focus, sincerity, and humility. Salah is considered a means of purification and is believed to have many physical, mental, and spiritual benefits.

Monotheism (Tawhid)

Monotheism (Tawhid) is the central belief of Islam, which asserts the oneness and unity of God (Allah). This belief is based on the Quranic verse "There is no god but Allah", which emphasizes the absolute and exclusive nature of God's sovereignty and power. Muslims believe that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that all worship and devotion should be directed towards Him alone.

Tawhid encompasses several key concepts, including the unity of God's essence, attributes, and actions. Muslims believe that God is one in essence, meaning that He is indivisible and without partners. God's attributes, such as His mercy, justice, and wisdom, are also seen as a reflection of His unity and perfection. Finally, Muslims believe that God's actions are also unified and purposeful, and that everything that happens in the universe is part of His divine plan.

The belief in Tawhid has several implications for Muslim belief and practice. For example, it emphasizes the importance of worshipping God alone and rejecting all forms of idolatry and polytheism. It also underscores the importance of acknowledging God's sovereignty over all aspects of life and submitting to His will. Finally, Tawhid provides a unifying principle for Muslims of all races, nationalities, and cultures, emphasizing the common bond of faith and the importance of working towards a common goal of pleasing God.

According to Quran

The concept of Tawhid, or the oneness of God, is emphasized throughout the Quran, which describes God as the one and only creator and sustainer of the universe. The Quranic verse "Say: He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; and there is none like unto Him." (Surah Al-Ikhlas, 112:1-4) is considered to be a key expression of Tawhid in Islam.

The Quran also stresses the importance of monotheism as the cornerstone of Islamic belief, and warns against associating partners with God or engaging in polytheistic practices. For example, Surah Al-An'am, 6:151 states, "Say: Come, I will rehearse what Allah hath (really) prohibited you from: join not anything as equal with Him; be good to your parents; kill not your children on a plea of want;- We provide sustenance for you and for them;- come not nigh to shameful deeds, whether open or secret; take not life, which Allah hath made sacred, except by way of justice and law: thus doth He command you, that ye may learn wisdom."

Furthermore, the Quran emphasizes the importance of worshiping God alone and seeking His guidance and forgiveness. The Quranic verse "And your Lord hath said: Call on Me, and I will answer you." (Surah Ghafir, 40:60) highlights the importance of turning to God in prayer and supplication, and seeking His help and guidance in all aspects of life.

Overall, the Quranic teachings on Tawhid emphasize the importance of recognizing God's oneness and sovereignty, and of directing all worship and devotion towards Him alone.

According to Hadith

The concept of Tawhid, or the oneness of God, is also emphasized in numerous Hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad). Here are a few examples:

The Prophet Muhammad said, "Whoever dies while still calling upon someone else besides Allah, as a rival to Him, will enter Hellfire." (Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 35)

The Prophet Muhammad also said, "Allah is One and likes Unity." (Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 66)

The Prophet Muhammad emphasized the importance of seeking refuge in Allah alone, stating, "Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the dawn, from the evil of what He has created." (Sahih Muslim, Book 35, Hadith 6505)

The Prophet Muhammad also warned against associating partners with Allah, stating, "He who died knowing that there is no god but Allah entered Paradise." (Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 44)

Overall, these Hadith reinforce the Quranic emphasis on the oneness and unity of God, and emphasize the importance of directing all worship and devotion towards Allah alone. They also warn against the dangers of polytheism and associating partners with Allah, and stress the importance of seeking refuge and guidance in Allah alone.

The Prophet Muhammad said, "Allah is the One who should be invoked (in prayer), but when you seek help, it is permissible to call upon another person (in the world)." (Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 5, Hadith 3876)

This Hadith emphasizes the distinction between worship and seeking help or assistance from others. While Allah is the only one who should be invoked in prayer, it is permissible to seek help or assistance from other human beings as long as they are not being worshipped as deities.

The Prophet Muhammad also emphasized the importance of sincerity in worship, stating, "Allah does not look at your figures, nor at your outward appearance but He looks at your hearts and deeds." (Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 256)

This Hadith highlights the importance of purifying one's intentions and focusing on inner sincerity in worship, rather than merely performing outward acts of piety.

The Prophet Muhammad also stressed the importance of recognizing Allah's power and sovereignty, stating, "Know that if the whole world were to gather together in order to help you, they would not be able to help you except if Allah had written so. And if the whole world were to gather together in order to harm you, they would not harm you except if Allah had written so." (Sunan At-Tirmidhi, Book 4, Hadith 2045)

This Hadith emphasizes the concept of Allah's divine decree and the importance of recognizing His power and sovereignty over all things.

Overall, these Hadith reinforce the Quranic teachings on Tawhid and emphasize the importance of directing all worship and devotion towards Allah alone, purifying one's intentions and recognizing Allah's power and sovereignty.

The Prophet Muhammad said, "Whoever testifies that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger, and that Jesus is the slave of Allah and His Messenger, and His word which He bestowed upon Mary and a spirit from Him, and that Paradise is true and Hellfire is true, Allah will admit him into Paradise." (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Book 2, Hadith 43)

This Hadith emphasizes the importance of the testimony of faith, or Shahada, which declares belief in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad. It also highlights the importance of recognizing the status of Jesus as a Prophet and Messenger of Allah.

The Prophet Muhammad also stressed the importance of seeking forgiveness from Allah alone, stating, "Whoever seeks forgiveness from Allah, He will forgive him; and whoever seeks forgiveness from anyone besides Allah, he will not be forgiven." (Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 5, Hadith 4251)

This Hadith reinforces the concept of directing all acts of worship, including seeking forgiveness, towards Allah alone.

The Prophet Muhammad also emphasized the importance of recognizing Allah's mercy and forgiveness, stating, "Allah, the Exalted, has said: 'O son of Adam, as long as you call upon Me and ask of Me, I shall forgive you for what you have done, and I shall not mind. O son of Adam, were your sins to reach the clouds of the sky and were you then to ask forgiveness of Me, I would forgive you. O son of Adam, were you to come to Me with sins nearly as great as the earth and were you then to face Me, ascribing no partner to Me, I would bring you forgiveness nearly as great as it.'" (Sunan At-Tirmidhi, Book 4, Hadith 1993)

This Hadith emphasizes the boundless mercy and forgiveness of Allah, and highlights the importance of seeking forgiveness from Him alone.

Overall, these Hadith reinforce the Quranic teachings on Tawhid and emphasize the importance of directing all acts of worship towards Allah alone, recognizing the status of Prophets and Messengers, and seeking forgiveness from Allah alone while acknowledging His mercy and forgiveness.

The Prophet Muhammad said, "The most beloved deeds to Allah are those done regularly, even if they are small." (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Book 76, Hadith 469)

This Hadith emphasizes the importance of regular and consistent acts of worship, even if they are small, in pleasing Allah and achieving closeness to Him.

The Prophet Muhammad also stressed the importance of sincerity in worship, stating, "Allah does not look at your outward appearance or wealth, but rather He looks at your hearts and deeds." (Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 114)

This Hadith highlights the importance of sincerity in all acts of worship, emphasizing that Allah looks at the intentions and inner state of the worshipper rather than their outward appearance or material possessions.

The Prophet Muhammad also emphasized the importance of upholding justice and fairness, stating, "Whoever among you sees an evil action, let him change it with his hand; if he cannot, then with his tongue; and if he cannot, then with his heart, and that is the weakest level of faith." (Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 79)

This Hadith emphasizes the importance of standing up against injustice and evil, even if it is in the form of verbal protest or simply disapproving it in one's heart. It emphasizes the importance of actively working towards justice and fairness, which is an important aspect of Tawhid.

Overall, these Hadith reinforce the Quranic teachings on Tawhid and highlight the importance of regular and consistent acts of worship, sincerity in worship, and upholding justice and fairness as important aspects of Tawhid.

The Prophet Muhammad said, "None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Book 2, Hadith 13)

This Hadith emphasizes the importance of brotherhood and mutual love among believers, and is often cited as an important principle in Islamic ethics. It is an important aspect of Tawhid because it promotes unity and harmony among believers, which is essential for the establishment of a society based on the principles of Tawhid.

The Prophet Muhammad also emphasized the importance of humility and modesty, stating, "No one who has an atom's weight of pride in his heart will enter Paradise." (Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 163)

This Hadith highlights the importance of humility and modesty in Islamic ethics, and is an important aspect of Tawhid because it emphasizes the need for believers to recognize their own limitations and shortcomings in comparison to the greatness of Allah.

The Prophet Muhammad also taught that seeking knowledge is an important aspect of Tawhid, stating, "Seeking knowledge is obligatory on every Muslim." (Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 1, Hadith 224)

This Hadith emphasizes the importance of knowledge and learning in Islam, and highlights the fact that seeking knowledge is not only beneficial but also obligatory for all Muslims. It is an important aspect of Tawhid because it encourages believers to gain a deeper understanding of Allah's creation and to recognize His greatness and wisdom through the study of His signs.

Overall, these Hadith reinforce the Quranic teachings on Tawhid and highlight the importance of brotherhood, humility and modesty, and seeking knowledge as important aspects of Tawhid.

The Prophet Muhammad said, "The best remembrance of Allah is to say, 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah) and the best prayer is Alhamdulillah (All praise is due to Allah)." (Sunan Ibn Majah, Book 5, Hadith 3793)

This Hadith emphasizes the importance of remembrance of Allah and highlights the best way to remember Him, which is through the declaration of Tawhid by saying, "La ilaha illallah" (There is no god but Allah). It also emphasizes the importance of gratitude and giving thanks to Allah through the phrase, "Alhamdulillah" (All praise is due to Allah).

The Prophet Muhammad also emphasized the importance of treating others with kindness and compassion, stating, "Allah is kind and He loves kindness in all things." (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Book 73, Hadith 42)

This Hadith highlights the importance of kindness and compassion in Islamic ethics, and is an important aspect of Tawhid because it emphasizes the need for believers to emulate the kindness and compassion of Allah in their own interactions with others.

The Prophet Muhammad also taught that seeking forgiveness and repentance is an important aspect of Tawhid, stating, "Allah loves those who repent and loves those who purify themselves." (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Book 75, Hadith 320)

This Hadith emphasizes the importance of seeking forgiveness and purification as a means of returning to Allah and strengthening one's relationship with Him. It is an important aspect of Tawhid because it highlights the need for believers to recognize their own weaknesses and shortcomings, and to turn to Allah for forgiveness and guidance.

Overall, these Hadith reinforce the Quranic teachings on Tawhid and highlight the importance of remembrance of Allah, kindness and compassion towards others, and seeking forgiveness and repentance as important aspects of Tawhid.

Charity in Islam

In Islam, there are several types of charities (zakat) that Muslims can give, which are classified as follows:

Zakat al-Fitr:

Zakat al-Fitr is a mandatory charity that Muslims are required to give at the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. It is a small amount of money or food that is given on behalf of every member of a Muslim household, including children and the elderly. The purpose of Zakat al-Fitr is to help the poor and needy celebrate Eid al-Fitr, the festival that marks the end of Ramadan, by providing them with food or money to buy food.

The amount of Zakat al-Fitr is typically the equivalent of one saa' (around 2.5kg) of food, such as rice, wheat, or barley, or the equivalent amount of money. It should be given before the Eid prayer, so that the poor can use it to celebrate the festival.

Zakat al-Mal:

Zakat al-Mal is a mandatory charity on wealth, which is given annually on savings and investment. The purpose of Zakat al-Mal is to purify one's wealth and help the poor and needy.

The amount of Zakat al-Mal that must be given is 2.5% of one's total wealth, after deducting any debts and expenses. The wealth that is subject to Zakat al-Mal includes cash, gold, silver, stocks, and other assets that are held for a full lunar year.

Zakat al-Mal can be given directly to the poor or through charitable organizations that distribute it to those in need. The recipients of Zakat al-Mal should be the poor, the needy, those who are in debt, travelers who are stranded, and those who are working in the cause of Allah.

Sadaqah:

Sadaqah is a voluntary charity that can be given at any time, in any amount, and for any reason. It is an act of generosity and can be given in the form of money, food, or other goods.

Sadaqah can be given to anyone in need, including the poor, the sick, orphans, widows, and others. It can also be given to support charitable causes, such as building mosques or schools, funding humanitarian projects, or providing emergency relief.

Sadaqah is not subject to any fixed amount or percentage, but it is encouraged to give generously and regularly, as it is a means of earning Allah's blessings and forgiveness.

Waqf:

Waqf is a charitable endowment that is created by donating property, money, or other assets to a charitable cause. The income generated from the endowment is used to support the charitable cause indefinitely.

Waqf can be used to fund a variety of charitable causes, such as building mosques, schools, hospitals, and other facilities, as well as providing scholarships, grants, and other forms of assistance to the needy.

Waqf is considered a perpetual charity, as the original donation is preserved and the income generated from it is used to benefit future generations. It is also a means of earning rewards in the hereafter, as the donor continues to receive blessings for the good deeds that are performed with the funds.

Kaffarah:

Kaffarah is a form of expiation that is given for certain sins, such as breaking a fast during Ramadan or breaking an oath. The person who commits the sin is required to give a specific amount of charity as a form of repentance.

The amount of Kaffarah that must be given depends on the nature of the sin committed. For example, if a person breaks a fast during Ramadan without a valid reason, they must either fast for 60 consecutive days or feed 60 poor people. If they are unable to fast or feed the poor, they must give the monetary equivalent of feeding 60 poor people.

Kaffarah can also be given as a voluntary charity, as a means of seeking Allah's forgiveness and earning rewards in the hereafter.

In conclusion, these five types of charities in Islam serve a variety of purposes, including purifying one's wealth, helping the poor and needy, supporting charitable causes, and seeking Allah's forgiveness. They are an integral part of Islamic practice and are considered essential for leading a pious and virtuous life. Muslims are encouraged to give generously and regularly, as acts of charity are believed to bring immense spiritual and worldly benefits.

Charity according to Quran:

All five types of charities in Islam are based on teachings from the Quran, which is considered the holy book of Islam. The Quran encourages Muslims to give in charity and emphasizes the importance of helping the poor and needy.

For example, regarding Zakat al-Mal, the Quran states in Surah Al-Tawbah, verse 60: "Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer (the funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to truth); for those in bondage and in debt; in the cause of Allah; and for the wayfarer: (thus is it) ordained by Allah, and Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom."

Similarly, regarding Sadaqah, the Quran states in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 261: "The parable of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is that of a grain of corn: it grows seven ears, and each ear has a hundred grains. Allah gives manifold increase to whom He pleases, and Allah cares for all and knows all things."

Waqf is also mentioned in the Quran indirectly through the story of Maryam (Mary) in Surah Al-Imran, verse 37, where it is mentioned that her mother dedicated her to the service of Allah in the Temple.

Overall, the Quran emphasizes the importance of charity in Islam and encourages Muslims to give generously in order to purify their wealth, help the poor and needy, and seek Allah's blessings and forgiveness.

Charity according to Hadith:

Here are some hadiths from the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) that encourage Muslims to give in charity:

Zakat al-Mal:

"The one who pays the zakat on his wealth will be purified and blessed." (Sunan Ibn Majah 1794)

"Charity extinguishes sin as water extinguishes fire." (Sunan Ibn Majah 1740)

Sadaqah:

"Every act of goodness is charity." (Sahih Muslim 1002)

"The most beloved of deeds to Allah are the most consistent, even if they are few." (Sahih Bukhari 6464)

Waqf:

"When a man dies, his deeds come to an end except for three things: Sadaqah Jariyah (continuous charity), knowledge which is beneficial, or a virtuous descendant who prays for him." (Sahih Muslim 1631)

Qard al-Hasan:

"Whoever relieves a believer’s distress of the distressful aspects of this world, Allah will rescue him from a difficulty of the difficulties of the Hereafter." (Sahih Muslim 2699)

Kaffarah:

"Whoever covers the faults of a Muslim, Allah covers his faults on the Day of Judgment." (Sahih Bukhari 6055)

"Allah is in the aid of the servant, as long as the servant is in the aid of his brother." (Sahih Muslim 2699)

These hadiths emphasize the importance of giving in charity and the numerous benefits that come with it. They encourage Muslims to be generous, kind, and compassionate towards others and to seek Allah's blessings and forgiveness through their charitable deeds.

The 5 Pillars of Islam

Islam regards the Five Pillars as the foundation of its practice and belief. These Five Pillars serve as the basis for a Muslim's faith and the structure for their daily life. They are considered to be the bare minimum of what it means to be a Muslim, and adherence to them is considered to be necessary for salvation in the afterlife. The five pillars of Islam are:

1. Shahada (faith declaration)
2. Salah (daily prayer)
3. Zakat (charity)
4. Sawm (fasting during Ramadan)
5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

More details on the five pillars of Islam:

1. Shahada (faith declaration): "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."
2. Salah (daily prayer): performing formal prayers five times a day facing Mecca.
3. Zakat (charity): giving a portion of one's wealth to help those in need. Giving 2.5% of one's wealth to the poor and needy.
4. Sawm (fasting during Ramadan): abstaining from food and drink from dawn to sunset during the Islamic month of Ramadan.
5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca): making a pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca at least once in a lifetime, if physically and financially able.

The five pillars of Islam as outlined in the Quran are:

Shahada (faith declaration): "There is no deity but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah" (Quran, Surah Al-Ikhlas 112:1).

Salah (daily prayer): "Establish prayer and be not among the neglectful" (Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:43).

Zakat (charity): "And perform properly (i.e. give the Zakat) the giving of food, and the payment of the poor due" (Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:43).

Sawm (fasting during Ramadan): "O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous" (Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183).

Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca): "And pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto Allah for mankind, for him who can find a way thither" (Quran, Surah Al-Imran 3:97).

In Islam, the Hadiths (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad) and other references, such as the Sunnah (the teachings of the Prophet), provide additional details and guidance regarding the five pillars of Islam. Here is a summary of the five pillars of Islam according to Hadiths and references, including reference numbers:

Shahada (faith declaration): According to Hadiths, the declaration of faith should be made sincerely and with conviction, and repeated frequently to reinforce one's belief. (Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 2, Number 7)

Salah (daily prayer): The Hadiths emphasize the importance of performing daily prayers in a timely manner, with purification and concentration, and in congregation whenever possible. (Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 8, Number 406)

Zakat (charity): The Hadiths stress the importance of giving charity regularly, with a smile and without announcing it, to purify one's wealth and help those in need. (Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 24, Number 538)

Sawm (fasting during Ramadan): The Hadiths describe Ramadan fasting as a means of developing self-discipline, empathy for those in need, and improving one's relationship with Allah. (Bukhari, Volume 3, Book 31, Number 118)

Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca): The Hadiths emphasize the spiritual significance of the Hajj pilgrimage, which should be performed with humility and devotion, following the examples of Prophet Abraham and his family. (Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 597)

These references, along with many others, provide additional guidance and context to the five pillars of Islam and help to ensure their proper observance and understanding.