How does Quran categories Sins?

In the Quran, sins are categorized into major sins (kaba'ir) and minor sins (saghair). The major sins are those that are explicitly mentioned in the Quran and Hadith as being among the gravest and most severe sins that a Muslim can commit. Some examples of major sins include associating partners with Allah (Shirk), killing an innocent person, consuming alcohol, and engaging in adultery or fornication.

On the other hand, minor sins are those that are not explicitly mentioned as major sins in the Quran or Hadith but are still considered to be sins in Islam. These sins do not carry the same level of gravity or punishment as major sins, but Muslims are still encouraged to avoid them. Examples of minor sins include lying, backbiting, being disrespectful to parents, and wasting time.

It is important to note that while sins are categorized as major or minor, Islam also emphasizes the importance of repentance and seeking forgiveness for all sins, regardless of their severity. Muslims are encouraged to strive for constant self-improvement and to seek Allah's forgiveness and mercy throughout their lives.

Here are some Quranic verses that mention 

Mjor sins:

Shirk (associating partners with Allah):

"Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with him in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He wills; and whoever sets up partners with Allah in worship, he has indeed invented a tremendous sin." (Quran 4:48)

Killing an innocent person:

"Whosoever kills a human being, it shall be as if he has killed all of mankind; and whosoever saves a human life, it shall be as if he has saved all of mankind." (Quran 5:32)

Consuming alcohol:

"O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, sacrificing on stone alters [to other than Allah], and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful." (Quran 5:90)

Adultery or fornication:

"And do not approach unlawful sexual intercourse. Indeed, it is ever an immorality and is evil as a way." (Quran 17:32)

Here are some Quranic verses that mention 

Minor sins:

Lying:

"O you who have believed, fear Allah and be with those who are truthful." (Quran 9:119)

Backbiting:

"O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would detest it. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful." (Quran 49:12)

Disrespect to parents:

"And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment. Whether one or both of them reach old age [while] with you, say not to them [so much as], "uff," and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word." (Quran 17:23)

Wasting time:

"By time, indeed, mankind is in loss, except for those who have believed and done righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to patience." (Quran 103:1-3)