Fiqh is the Islamic jurisprudence that deals with the practical application of the teachings of Islam. It encompasses the principles, laws, regulations, and traditions governing religious and social life. The Qur'an is the primary source of Islamic jurisprudence, and it provides the foundation upon which Fiqh is built.
The Qur'an contains many verses that provide guidance and instruction on various aspects of Fiqh, including worship, marriage, inheritance, trade, and other aspects of daily life. These verses are often used as the basis for Islamic legal rulings and interpretations.
Fiqh is also based on the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, which refers to his words, actions, and tacit approvals. The Sunnah, along with the Qur'an, forms the primary sources of Islamic jurisprudence.
Islamic scholars have developed a vast body of literature on Fiqh, which includes detailed explanations and interpretations of the Qur'an and Sunnah. This literature covers a wide range of topics and provides guidance on the practical application of Islamic teachings in various areas of life.
In summary, Fiqh is the practical application of Islamic teachings, and it is based primarily on the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad.
The term "Fiqh" does not appear in the Quran itself, as it is a technical term used in Islamic jurisprudence. However, there are many verses in the Quran that discuss matters related to Islamic law and practice, which are the basis of Fiqh. Here are some examples:
"And We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], the Book in truth, confirming that which preceded it of the Scripture and as a criterion over it. So judge between them by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their inclinations away from what has come to you of the truth. To each of you We prescribed a law and a method. Had Allah willed, He would have made you one nation [united in religion], but [He intended] to test you in what He has given you; so race to [all that is] good. To Allah is your return all together, and He will [then] inform you concerning that over which you used to differ." [Quran 5:48]
"And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger - those will be with the ones upon whom Allah has bestowed favor of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the righteous. And excellent are those as companions." [Quran 4:69]
"O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result." [Quran 4:59]
"Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allah instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing." [Quran 4:58]
These verses and many others like them serve as the basis for Islamic jurisprudence, which is the study and application of Islamic law and practice.
In summary, Fiqh is the Islamic legal system that derives from the Quran and Hadith. It is a highly complex and detailed system of jurisprudence that covers all aspects of life, including worship, family law, business transactions, and more. The Quran provides the foundation for Islamic law, but Fiqh develops and interprets this foundation through the use of reason, analogy, and scholarly consensus. The goal of Fiqh is to provide guidance for Muslims in their daily lives and to help them live in accordance with the teachings of Islam.
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