Abel and Cain (Habil and Qabil)

In Islam, Abel and Cain (in Arabic, Habil and Qabil) are recognized as the sons of Adam (in Arabic, Adam) and Hawa (in Arabic, Eve). The story of Abel and Cain is mentioned briefly in the Quran, which recounts how they made offerings to Allah, and how Allah accepted Abel's offering but rejected Cain's. This led to Cain becoming jealous and angry, and eventually killing Abel. Allah then sent a raven to teach Cain how to bury the body of his brother, and Cain became filled with remorse and regret for what he had done.

Islamic traditions and commentaries expand on the Quranic account and provide more details about the relationship between the two brothers and the circumstances that led to Cain's jealousy and violence. According to these sources, Abel was a righteous and pious person who was favored by Allah, while Cain was jealous of his brother's position and status. The two brothers got into an argument, and Cain ended up killing Abel out of envy and anger.

Islam emphasizes the importance of respecting the sanctity of human life and avoiding violence and bloodshed, and the story of Abel and Cain is often cited as an example of the dangers of envy and jealousy, and the tragic consequences that can result from such negative emotions.

There are two chapters in the Quran that mention the story of Abel and Cain (in Arabic, Habil and Qabil), the sons of Adam (in Arabic, Adam) and Hawa (in Arabic, Eve). Here are the Quranic references to the story of Abel and Cain, along with a brief summary of each:

Surah Al-Ma'idah (Chapter 5), Verse 27-32:

يَقُولُ ٱللَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ

إِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ ٱلْآخَرِ قَالَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ

لَئِنۢ بَسَطتَ إِلَىَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِى مَآ أَنَا۠ بِبَاسِطٍۢ يَدِىَ إِلَيْكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ ۖ إِنِّىٓ أَخَافُ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ

إِنِّىٓ أُرِيدُ أَن تَبُوٓءَ بِإِثْمِى وَإِثْمِكَ فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَٰبِ ٱلنَّارِ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآؤُا ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُۥ نَفْسُهُۥ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُۥ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ

فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ غُرَابًا يَبْحَثُ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُۥ كَيْفَ يُوَٰرِى سَوْءَةَ أَخِيهِ ۚ قَالَ يَٰوَيْلَتَآ أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَٰذَا ٱلْغُرَابِ فَأُوَٰرِىَ سَوْ

"Recite to them in all truth the story of Adam's two sons. Each offered a sacrifice, and it was accepted from one of them but not from the other. One said, 'I shall kill you,' but the other answered, 'God only accepts from those who are mindful of Him. Even if you stretch out your hand to kill me, I will not stretch out my hand to kill you, for I fear God, Lord of all worlds. I would rather you bear my sin and your own sin and become one of the companions of the Fire. Such is the reward for evildoers.' His soul prompted him to kill his brother, and he killed him, and so became one of the losers. Then God sent a raven to scratch up the ground and show him how to cover his brother's corpse. 'Alas,' he said, 'am I not even able to be like this raven and cover my brother's corpse?' And he became one of those who regretted."

This passage mentions the story of Abel and Cain in the context of a broader discussion about the prohibition of murder and the sanctity of human life. The passage recounts how Abel and Cain made offerings to Allah, and how Allah accepted Abel's offering but rejected Cain's. Cain became jealous and angry, and eventually killed Abel. Allah then sent a raven to teach Cain how to bury the body of his brother, and Cain became filled with remorse and regret for what he had done. The passage goes on to emphasize the importance of avoiding violence and bloodshed, and the severity of the punishment for those who commit murder.

Surah Al-Maidah (Chapter 5), Verse 31: 

"مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَلَقَدْ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِّنْهُم بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي الْأَرْضِ لَمُسْرِفُونَ"

And here is the English translation of the verse:

"Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely. And our messengers had certainly come to them with clear proofs. Then indeed many of them, [even] after that, throughout the land, were transgressors."

This verse specifically mentions the story of Abel and Cain in the context of the prohibition of murder. 

These are the only Quranic references to the story of Abel and Cain, and they focus primarily on the importance of respecting the sanctity of human life and avoiding violence and bloodshed. The story of Abel and Cain is also mentioned in various Hadiths (recorded sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad) and Islamic traditions, which expand on the Quranic account and provide more details about the relationship between the two brothers and the circumstances that led to Cain's jealousy and violence.